Abstract. Concealment of aircraft at basing locations through camouflage is a relevant problem. Precision-guided munitions (cruise missiles, guided bombs, and unmanned aerial vehicles) are widely used to engage aircraft at their basing locations. Precision-guided munitions strike aircraft at basing locations with a probability of 0.5 or higher. The signatures of aircraft at basing locations are examined. Ensuring aircraft survivability against precision-guided munitions of the attacking side by means of various camouflage measures is relevant. Increasing aircraft survivability at basing locations is achieved through camouflage in the optical, radar, and thermal bands. “Active” and “passive” camouflage measures are distinguished. The first group includes measures that affect detection and targeting systems, as well as munitions. The second group includes measures that reduce the signatures of the concealed aircraft. A methodology is proposed for assessing the survivability of an aircraft concealed by various camouflage measures at a basing location under the impact of precision-guided munitions of the threat source. The methodology accounts for the use of both “active” and “passive” camouflage measures, including aerosol dispersion, decoys, mock-ups, radar-absorbent
coatings, camouflage nets, light discipline, and others. The proposed methodology accounts for the probability of aircraft detection under specific weather conditions during reconnaissance, the probability of a munition hitting the aircraft, and the probability of munition interception. The effectiveness of each camouflage measure is characterized by a quantitative metric, and the cumulative metric for the combined use of several measures equals the sum of their individual metrics. Using the developed methodology, the survivability of an aircraft concealed by “active” and “passive” camouflage at a basing location under the impact of precision-guided munitions was calculated. The calculation results demonstrate the practical value of the developed methodology. Preservation of aircraft at basing locations through camouflage and concealment from reconnaissance assets significantly affects the effectiveness of combat operations.

Keywords: camouflage, camouflage measures, camouflage methods, survivability, aircraft, probability of detection, probability of kill, probability of hit 

For citation: Andryushkin A. Yu., Kazakova A. O., Romanat N. I. Ensuring aircraft survivability at basing locations through camouflage. Aerospace Engineering and Technology. 2026. Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 315–324. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52467/2949-401X-2026-4-2-315-324; https://elibrary.ru/mfspoi 

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